The Great Soul or Mahatma. Father of India. Father of civil disobedience or nonviolent cooperation movement. Revered throughout the world as a symbol of love, equity, justice, and peace.
Investigating to find the truth of situations
Self-denial as a path to enlightenment
Speaking for the least heard or most oppressed
Using self-sacrifice to paint your opposition in a poor light
Simplifying your life to focus on the important
Approaching everything with love
Achieving ahimsa or respect for all living things
Elevate the oppressed; achieve equal rights without violence; find God and truth through renunciation.
Social change is intertwined with personal change; you must control your own self before you can seek to control events; intolerance corrupts both the hater and the hated; all people can live their lives according to their highest ideals; all actions must be rooted in love; renunciation is the way to discover the truth; hate the sin, not the sinner; expect karma – good works will return good, bad will return bad; happiness is found in the embrace of a simple way of life; unity, nonviolent noncooperation shows who the real beasts are; the way to truth is through constant self-experimentation ; vows should not be broken
Humble, strident, self-disciplined, wry humor, empathetic, disciplined, deliberative, graceful, unbending, shrewd, vibrant, charming, stoic, magnanimous, playful, inclusive, merciful, calm, imbued with a sense of duty, reflective, self-deprecating, self-sacrificing, loyal, candid, truthful
Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869 in Porbandar, India, into a family of three generations of chief ministers. As a youth, he was shy, a middling student, and deeply influenced by his mother's spirituality and commitment to nonviolence. At 13, Gandhi married Kasturba in an arranged ceremony and later studied law in London, where he adopted vows of vegetarianism and self-restraint to honor his mother’s wishes.
After returning to India and struggling to establish himself as a lawyer, Gandhi accepted a job in South Africa, where he experienced severe racial discrimination. Outraged by the treatment of Indians, he began advocating for their rights, leading petitions, protests, and the founding of the Natal Indian Congress, while also developing his philosophy of Satyagraha—nonviolent resistance. During his two decades in South Africa, Gandhi was repeatedly arrested for his activism, organized mass protests, and established communal farms, eventually negotiating improvements in rights for Indians with the government.
Returning to India in 1915, Gandhi traveled the country to understand its people and causes. He rose to national prominence by organizing nonviolent campaigns for peasants, textile workers, and tax relief, using strikes, protests, and hunger fasts as tools for change. His leadership of mass movements against discriminatory British policies, such as the Rowlatt Act and salt tax, galvanized millions across India and established him as a global icon of resistance.
Despite personal setbacks—including repeated arrests and political flare-ups—Gandhi remained steadfast, calling for boycotts of British goods and industries, while promoting homespun fabric and rural self-sufficiency. He advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity, the rights of untouchables, and women’s rights, and repeatedly called off campaigns when violence broke out, demonstrating his commitment to ahimsa (nonviolence).
The independence movement reached its climax in the 1940s, with Gandhi launching the Quit India campaign and continuing his resistance despite widespread arrests. Although he opposed the partition of India and Pakistan, escalating communal violence forced him to accept it; he famously fasted to quell rioting and sought peace until his assassination in 1948 by a Hindu extremist.
India mourned Gandhi’s passing, remembering him as "Bapu" (father) and "Mahatma" (great soul), whose legacy of truth, nonviolence, and unwavering moral courage continues to inspire movements for justice worldwide
What can we learn from holy books and great thinkers?
How do we inform others of our plight?
How do we free ourselves of earthly desires?
Is this the way of ahimsa or nonviolence?
What is the karma of this situation? What past sins brought us here?
How are we giving others permission to hurt us?
How has our oppressor been victimized?
Is there a way to negotiate a settlement?
How can band together as a community to obtain our goal?
How can I live the change I want to see?
Be trusting – Gandhi always thought the best of humankind and saw the best in individuals. Even after experiencing the degrading prejudice of the British and the South Africans, he negotiated with them in good faith, expecting them to keep their agreements. Although he was often sorely disappointed, he believed in the divine in each person and attributed many bad behaviors to Western cultural pressures.
Keep vows/promises – While it was common for government officials to break their word, Gandhi viewed vows as sacred promises. Giving your word on an agreement is not to be taken lightly. It is better to be truthful and disagreeable than it is to lie or mislead.
Be truthful to a fault – Your life is a quest for truth. As such, you need to be scrupulously truthful with yourself and with others. This adherence to the truth provides you with the strength of courage and confidence in your path. “Truth never damages a cause that is just.”
Listen well – Gandhi’s fear of public speaking likely led him to be a good listener among his colleagues. Listening to others with your whole heart and focus will endear you to others and help you build empathy. Always choose to listen to others before speaking, and wait to be invited to speak.
Practice what you preach – “My life is my message.” Gandhi lived his principles. His mission to end untouchability started with inviting those castes to live at his ashram. All the practices he advocated, from prayer to diet to spinning thread, were all his own daily practices. Ensure that you are living the truths you espouse before you can expect anyone else to live them.
Act humbly – His very appearance was that of a poor person. Be humble in all that you do, reminding yourself that it is God who guides your actions and is responsible for your successes.
Look for the humor in a situation – Gandhi was notable for his wit, once responding to criticism about wearing his dhoti to see the king that the king was wearing enough clothes for the two of them. It is vital to your mental health that you see the humor in setbacks and adversity. Being brutally honest about the situation will help you find your wit. Comedy is often based on unspoken truths so speak your mind.
Read widely – Gandhi loved books and was inspired by Ruskin and Tolstoy as well as the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore. He also devoured books on nursing, health, religion, and philosophy. Always make sure you are reading a book, especially nonfiction, and acquaint yourself with some of the classics of philosophy and religion.
Write copiously – During his lifetime, Gandhi wrote dozens of books on topics ranging from prayer, health, to his political tracts on Indian Independence and non-cooperation movements. He also wrote regularly for newspapers and corresponded with friends and famously some strangers, like Hitler. Whenever you have an idea or want to express an opinion, write it down. Take a notebook or journal with you everywhere to document your thoughts on a daily basis.
Publicize your opinions – Don’t keep your writing to yourself. Publish your opinions on social media, websites, newsletters, and letters to the editors. Create your own if your pieces aren’t published.
Empathize with the lowliest – All your opinions and actions should be informed by how they will affect the disaffected. Imagine yourself in their place, suffering their indignities. Use that empathy to create a path forward.
Be forgiving – “An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind.” Gandhi focused on the future and easily forgave past wrongs. He often viewed karma as the reason behind injustices and the only way to break the cycle was to fix society’s wrongs.
Practice nonviolence – The way of ahimsa is to see the divine in all creatures. Be respectful of all the people and animals you come across. Every life is sacred. “The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated.”
These activities will help you to embody the characteristics of the icon. You don't need to do them all. Choose those that will most help you in your current situation.
Diet – Gandhi was born into a family who practiced vegetarianism and abstention from alcohol as part of their Hinduism. Although he violated this practice when he was a boy and ate meat with a friend on a few occasions, Gandhi was an avowed vegetarian, and over his lifetime, adopted a more and more spare diet. First, he eliminated spices and sauces, then he eliminated dairy, then cooked foods, and then vegetables until his diet consisted only of raw fruits and nuts. While you are Gandhi, try to eat simple and plant-based foods as much as possible. Restrict your intake of spices, sauces, and meat, as much as it is possible for you.
Dress – With the image of Gandhi wearing his dhoti (loincloth), even to meet the King of England, many people might be surprised to learn that he was quite dapper in his youth, dressing as a proper Englishman in London or as a distinguished barrister in South Africa. However, as with his diet, Gandhi simplified his attire over the years until he came to adopt the dress of the poorest in India. While it’s likely not practical for you to wear a loincloth, you should simplify your clothing and adopt a “uniform.” Your attire should communicate that you are humble and care little for you appearance and material possessions. If possible, wear something homemade or locally made to align with Gandhi’s homespun campaign. Gandhi also carried a staff and wore sandals, so try to do the same. A staff is a great prop to prompt you to get or stay in character.
Stature – Gandhi was a short person and carried himself very humbly, often with his shoulders hunched. Try to make yourself small. Gandhi did not have an imposing presence, rather his spirit and passion made him stand out.
Prayer/meditation – Hinduism was the foundation for Gandhi’s beliefs, and he spent hours in prayer and meditation when time allowed. Create a daily practice of either prayer or meditation, starting with a few minutes and lengthening the duration as you get more comfortable.
Walking – Gandhi preferred to walk everywhere, even walking 240 miles to get to the sea to obtain salt. In addition to meditation, create a regular walking practice, at least three times a week, if not daily.
Cleanliness – Gandhi saw filth as the scourge of the lower classes who often suffered from dysentery and other bacteria-born diseases due to unsanitary conditions. Everywhere he went, he audited and improved the sanitary conditions if they were found lacking. Part of his uplift of the lower castes was to educate them on cleanliness, especially disposing waste material and improving the conditions of third-class train travel. While you are Gandhi, you need to be very clean and keep your surroundings very clean. If you find yourself in an unclean situation, do not tolerate it. Rather enlist others to help you clean it up.
Experiment with the truth – Gandhi called his autobiography My Experiments with the Truth, and throughout it, he recounts how he eschewed conventional wisdom to learn the truth for himself, both from books and through trial and error experiments on himself and his inner circle. Some of the topics he tackled were diet, nursing, schooling, and, of course, social change. Truth is the essence of Satyagraha, which means firmness of truth, and the acts involved expose the true nature of the oppressors. The prejudice against Indians or others is typically justified by classifying them as being less than human or animals. By protesting nonviolently and subjecting oneself to the brutality of the oppressors, Satyagraha shows who is the real animal is. As Gandhi, take a situation in your life where you experience conflict or “stuckness” and set about investigating the truth of the matter. Like Gandhi, you could experiment with your own diet (or an exercise regimen) to find what works for you. Or if you are struggling with a relationship, begin interviewing those around you for their perspectives and opinions, and, of course, talk with the other party to uncover their beliefs to find the truth. If neither of those are relevant, study religions or choose a political or social issue to investigate. Your ultimate goal is to find a truth you can apply to your life.
Communicate the truth – Gandhi was a prolific writer, starting several newspapers and writing myriads of books. His Green Pamphlet, written in 1896, documented the conditions and grievances of British Indians living in South Africa and was marketed to both the British and Indian populations who knew nothing about SA. His early attempts at social change were petitions written to legislators in both Britain and South Africa objecting to various laws, and when these were ineffective, he turned to more active non-cooperation campaigns. After you have conducted your investigation above, write about it and share it widely on multiple platforms.
Deny permission to your oppressors– The foundational belief of non-cooperation movements is that victims give their oppressors permission to abuse them by cooperating with their laws and edicts. Examine your own life and determine where you feel victimized. Your oppressor can be anything – a person, a job, an idea, a cultural standard, a law, or even your own calendar. Focus on two or three of these and then analyze your role in giving them permission to have power over you. Determine the steps you need to take to reclaim your power and then act on those.
Simply your household and more become self-sufficient – When Gandhi initially set up his household, he provided himself with all the conveniences and accommodations befitting a barrister, including household help for emptying chamber pots, laundry, and cooking. As he became more involved in political movements, he realized the necessity of being self-reliant and began to streamline his household and his life, until he eventually lived with the barest amount of possessions and was able to take care of his own household needs (although others in his ashrams would provide these duties). Analyze your daily routine and document all the ways in which you are dependent on the labors of others, eg. making coffee and breakfast, dry cleaning, landscaping, housecleaning, takeout, delivery, etc. Which of these could you easily do for yourself? Identify a few and begin providing those for yourself. Document how much you are saving by doing it yourself.
Begin to deny yourself – Gandhi famously conducted numerous hunger fasts to protest violence or other inequities. His ability to deny himself food was the culmination of a journey of self-deprivation. He believed that self-discipline through renunciation was the only way to achieve ahimsa. He started with his vows to his mother to swear off meat, alcohol and women, and gradually began swearing off more and more of the accouterments of civilized life. These included his diet, which eventually became raw fruit and nuts, the vow of Brahmacharya or celibacy in 1906, his refusal to take a salary for his work as a lawyer in public life, and his forswearing all gifts and possessions when leaving South Africa for India. His clothing became more a more simple until he adopted the dhoti. As Gandhi, choose one thing to deny yourself. It could be skipping a meal a day, like Gandhi did when he was a student, or meat, alcohol or women, like his earliest vows or, perhaps a bad habit, like smoking or too much caffeine. The point is to start training yourself to not need these things and become a master of your own being.
Forgive those who’ve wronged you – When Gandhi returned to South Africa after having published the Green Pamphlet, he was mobbed and beaten, but, although his accosters were arrested, he decline to press charges. He believed that western culture had inculcated the people to hate foreigners. He often preached to hate the sin but not the sinner, and one of his popular quotes is, "The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.” Identify the people who have wronged you and for whom you are still holding a grudge. For each name, hypothesize situations or beliefs where the wrong could be excused, like the aforementioned cultural beliefs. Also, consider karma in your speculations. For instance, Gandhi believed the poor treatment of Indians in South Africa was karma for untouchability in India. How is that person a victim rather than a perpetrator? What do they suffer by their injustice? What cultural baggage are they carrying with them? If you are struggling with this, identify situations where you have wronged someone and apply those circumstances. Now ask yourself, what will it take for you to forgive them? Identify steps you need to take to offer forgiveness for everyone on your list. When you feel you’ve achieved forgiveness, begin rekindling the relationships you’ve lost.
Engage with the disadvantaged – When Gandhi first became politically active, he only considered the rights of educated or professional Indians like himself to be important. When he was asked to represent an indentured servant who had been badly mistreated by his master, Gandhi began to relate more to the poor and disadvantaged. As he traveled and grew to know others outside his circle, he learned to empathize with the poor, with the black South Africans, and other Asians. It was only through engaging with these people did he learn to respect them. Who are the disadvantaged in your community? It can be the poor, elderly, sick, disabled, or other group. Find a way to learn about their plight. Volunteering at a food bank, shelter, hospital, nursing home or other organization is a good way to do this.
Impose your beliefs on self-discipline on others – After his experiments with truth, Gandhi was never contented to keep his newfound knowledge to himself. He often inflicted his beliefs and self-improvement programs on his friends and family, especially his wife Kasturbai, often being stricter with them than he was with himself. None of his children went to school because Gandhi believed the SA and Indian school systems indoctrinated the students to think of them as lesser than white people. Although he intended to home school his children, he rarely did as his public duties usually interfered. As Gandhi, you will insist that your family or your friends join you in following one of the self-denial or self-sufficiency items you identified in the Activities Alone. Monitor their progress as well your own, offering encouragement when progressing and expressing disappointment when they are not. Self-discipline is important for everyone to learn and master.
Preach – When Gandhi was not organizing resistance campaigns, he often traveled about India preaching the importance of education, sanitation, ahimsa, and self-sufficiency among his other passions. From your own experiments with truth, write talks and begin preaching your truths. You can do this in-person, perhaps at your local library, or via videos online.
Find your followers – Throughout his life, Gandhi collected close friends and followers with whom he started communes and ashrams and mentored in his Satyagraha methods. Initially, before he became well-known, he joined local societies, like the Vegetarian and Theosophical Societies in London, and developed close friendships and mentors. In South Africa, he attended church groups with kindred spirits, and of course, again developed close friendships. Some of these friends eventually became disciples, choosing to live in his communes or following him to India and living in his ashrams. From your preaching and writing, find kindred souls who believe the same as you do, and foster your relationships with them. Your goal is to surround yourself with a close knit group who share your truths. You may want to consider starting an online community with your followers.
Start a movement – The culmination of being Gandhi is to start a social movement. Everything you have been doing has been preparation for this, and your are in a good position to begin a movement for change with your clarity of ideas, ability to self-sacrifice, and your close -knit community. Work with your family, friends, and followers to identify a plan of action, possibly using Gandhi’s method of Satyagraha and writings as a blueprint. Like Gandhi, you could start with petitions and then escalate to boycotts and protests. Just remember that you are not alone.
Listen very well to everyone and make sure you understand their point of view. Help facilitate the group so that every voice is heard, and everyone has had a chance to be understood. Represent the people who are not at the table but are affected by the decisions. Someone needs to speak for them. Think carefully about what you are going to say before you say it. Similarly, be methodical and diligent before making up your mind. Your main role is to listen and understand. Stick to your argument unless you are persuaded against it. You don’t make decisions or opinions lightly so changing them should require effort.
Although Gandhi was well-read and a good writer, he was extremely shy and, for many years, was unable to speak in public. The most important part of your presentation is the preparation and the speech, slides, or script itself. Work on these meticulously so that your presentation can almost give itself. In your preparation, make sure you understand your audience and their situation thoroughly. Write your speech from a place of empathy. When you give your presentation, speak plainly and candidly, and read from your notes, if you need them. You are not there to wow anyone. Your focus is on the message and both the logical and emotional arguments to support them. Your honesty, passion, and integrity are all you need to sell yourself. Don’t be afraid to pepper your talk with jokes or be playful.